The National Capital, Khartoum The National Capital (The Tripartite Capital): Khartoum is the capital of Sudan and the administrative, financial and political core of its federal system. It is located on the western bank of the Blue Nile and forms a huge triangle, with its vertex at the confluence of the two Niles and the base bordering Gezira State some 30km southeastward. Geographically speaking, Khartoum lies between latitude 15o 36' north and longitude 32o 32'east; its altitude is 1,352 feet above sea level. And together with the two other cities, Khartoum North and Omdurman, it forms what is called as the Tripartite Capital. Before the Turkish Rule of 1821, Khartoum was just a small village of fishermen. In 1824, it was picked for its strategic location as a military garrison. It was made the capital of Sudan in 1830 under the rule of Khurshid Pasha. The British rule, which succeeded the Mahdiya rule, began in earnest to reconstruct Khartoum into a modern capital after the collapse of the Mahdiya State in 1899. Avenues were laid and colonial establishments, as well as residences of the British elite, were constructed near the Nile. Gordon's Memorial College, the Railway Station and many other amenities were incepted in later years. Just across, on the western bank of the White Nile, sprawls the town of Orndurman. Towards the final decade of last century it became the capital of the Mahdiya State. It is still regarded as the popular capital that boasts the local spirit of traditional markets and informal social life. Facing Khartoum from the northeastern bank of the Blue Nile is the town of Khartoum North. It was established at the end of last century to serve as a railway terminal and river port. A significant feature of Khartoum North is its industrial area, which locates textile, chemical, foodstuff and other vital industries. Since the colonial era and throughout the succeeding national rule, the Tripartite Capital continually grew to reach the present population of nearly 6 million. The following prominent landmarks of Khartoum State are worth paying a visit: Farouk Mosque It stands at the junction of Hourriya and Gamhouriya streets. Built in classical Arabic style, this mosque was originally established by the Moslem propagator Sheikh Arbab Alaga'aid, an inhabitant of Tuti Island. He cut the forest to clear a site for the construction of the mosque and Koranic schools, khalawi. Are the base of this religious foundation, Khartoum gradually grew into existence. The mosque was enlarged and reconstructed during the reign of the Turkish ruler Al Khurshid Pasha. Later still, it was rehabilitated by order of King Farouk of Egypt. Hamad El Nil Tomb Sheikh Hamad El Nil, a Muslim propagator, introduced the religious sect to Sudan during the Funj Kingdom (1505-1820). The tomb and the adjoining mosque are located on the western side of Orridurman. The followers of Quadriya sect gather on Friday afternoons for Zikr (recital). The congregations usually attract large crowds. Islands on the Nile During the hot summer season, the Nile shrinks in width, exposing small islands in the shallowest spots along its course. The largest of these, the Tumsah and Safsaf islands, can justifiably be called safe-havens from the grueling summer heat. Tumsah, so called because of its crocodile-iike shape, is located on the Blue Nile, just a short distance south of Kober Bridge. Safsaf, called after a type of Nile vegetation, is located on the Middle Nil, north of Harnad lands, combining the White Nile Bridge. The island's white sand beaches, are a favourite abode to a variety of birds and fishes too! Mahdi's Fortifications These are massive mud walls, grouped along the western bank of the Nile in Omdurman, north of Shambat Bridge. Built in 1879-80, the fortifications of Omdurman sheltered the Mahdist fighters shooting at the English vessels sailing upstream from Egypt to secure a safe retreat for General Gordon after the fall of Khartoum. Museums There are several museums in Khartoum with exhibits that cover a broad spectrum of interests. They are: Sudan National Museum, Sudan's Ethnographic Museum, Natural History Museum, and the Khalifa's House. A brief note on each of these museums is found on the museums chapter page Nuba Wrestling Tournaments On Fridays and public holidays, the Nuba community of the State of Khartoum organize wrestling tournaments in AI Haj Yousif district, some 10 km east of Khartoum North center. Wrestling is a solid tradition of the Nuba social life in Southern Kordotan, which they loyally continue to practice in Khartoum. Nuba Folkshow Omdurman Boat yard For centuries, boats have been the common means of transport, commuting goods and people along the Nile and its tributaries through most of Sudan. The craft masters who built these boats were usually from the Mahas, a northern Nubian tribe. Over the years, the introduction of other means of transport brought the wide use of large sailing boats to an end and the once busy boat-makerof Omdurman riverside were confined to the construction of fishing boats. The boatyard lies just offshore Abu Roaf quarter of Orndurman, on the western side of the Nile. Omdurman Handicrafts Market This peculiar and captivating market place constitutes the western part of Orndurman's large market or "souq". The small shops lined along the narrow shadowy alleys of the ancient souq exhibit all types of handicrafts, artifacts, souvenirs and various items of Sudanese folk memorabilia. The market usually begins its day at 8 a.m. and closes at sunset. Sayeda El Bushara Church The church, which belongs to the Roman Catholics, was originally established in Omdurman in 1800. The second church of Sayeda EI Bushara was constructed in Khartoum in 1910. It is located on Gamhouriya Avenue, opposite the main building of Sudan News Agency (SUNA). St. Matthews Catholic Church It was established in 1875 and in later years, a girls' school was adjoined to it under the name of Sisters School. It is situated on the Nile Avenue, next door to the Kuwaiti Building Complex. The Camel Market The so-called Souq Abu Zeid, located on the western-most side of Omdurman, is the place where camels are sold. Most of the camels exhibited are brought from Western Sudan, where a number of tribes are traditional camel breeders. The camel market operates daily, but Fridays are the busiest bargaining days. The Nile's Confluence Called the "Mougran", the merging point of the Blue and White Nfles is a breath-taking spectacle, best viewed from the White Nile Bridge. In one of nature's unique phenomena, the two rivers shoulder each other, retaining their distinct colors and characters, for quite a distance beyond the confluence until they blend together in their perpetual drive to the North. The War Cemetery A few years after the end of the Second World War, the British colonial rulers established the War Cemetery in commemoration of the Allied officers and soldiers who were killed in the battles of North Africa. The Cemetery is not an actual burial ground, but encompasses neat rows of white gravestones, bearing names and dates of the dead. It is located opposite St. Francis School and The American Club, east of Khartoum Railway Station.
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